The genre of music used in such plays is known as Natya Sangeet. The early period of Marathi theatre was dominated by playwrights like Kolhatkar, Krushnaji Prabhakar Khadilkar, Govind Ballal Deval, Ram Ganesh Gadkari and Annasaheb Kirloskar who enriched the Marathi theatre for about half a century with excellent musical plays known as Sangeet Natak. However, Marathi stage took a distinct theatre form with the musical Shakuntal by Annasaheb Kirloskar in 1880,based on a classical work, Abhijnanasakuntalam by Kalidasa.The success of his theatre company, Kirloskar Natya Mandali paved way for commercial repertories in Marathi theatre, and subsequently the formation of Natak Companies. The coming decades saw notable plays like Jhansichya Raniche Naatak (1870), Sawai Madhavravancha Mrutyu (1871), AfjhalKhanachya Mrutyuche Naatak (1871) and Malharrav Maharaj (1875). Bhave went on to form a travelling theatre troupe. His plays were largely influenced by the Shakespearean and Parsi theatres. After the success of his play, he staged many more plays about other episodes of Ramayana. Staged in 1843 in Sangli, with ruler of the princely state of Sangli in audience, it was an experimental play, based on folk theatre form called Yakshagana from the neighbouring Karnataka region.
The first public performance of a stage play in Marathi was Sita Swayamvar (Marriage of Sita) by Vishnudas Bhave, based on a popular episode of the epic Ramayana. However, these were plays performed in the royal court. There are sources mentioning plays from 17th-century like Lakshmaikalyanam, and Ganga-Kaveri Samvad, in the Marathi-language staged for the Bhosale ruler of Tanjore in present-day Tamil Nadu state. The inscription mention him organizing Utsava and Samaja forms of theatrical entertainment for his subjects.
The region of Maharashtra, has had long theatrical tradition, one of the early references is found in the cave inscriptions at Nashik by Gautami Balashri, the mother of 1st-century Satavahana ruler, Gautamiputra Satakarni.
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